VERIZON
Verizon Communications Inc. (Verizon) is a provider of communications services. The Company has two primary segments: Domestic Wireless and Wireline. Domestic Wireless's products and services include wireless voice, data services and other value-added services and equipment sales across the United States. Wireline's communications services include voice, Internet access, broadband video and data, next generation Internet protocol (IP) network services, network access, long distance and other services. It provides these services to consumers, carriers, businesses and government customers both in the United States and internationally in 150 countries. In August 2008, Verizon announced that Verizon Wireless, a joint venture of the Company and Vodafone Group Plc, had completed its purchase of Rural Cellular Corporation, doing business as Unicel. In January 2009, Verizon Wireless completed its acquisition of Alltel Corporation from Atlantis Holdings LLC.

VERIZON Ethernet Services

 LAN Service (E-LAN)
Verizon E-LAN is a multipoint-to-multipoint bridging service designed for any-to-any connectivity between your dedicated ports. It is provisioned over fiber optics between your premises and serving wire center and connects subscriber locations at native LAN speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps.

Consider E-LAN if your business requires metro any-to-any connectivity at native LAN speeds.

Features:
* Is configured by connecting customer user network interfaces (UNIs) with one multipoint-to-multipoint Ethernet virtual connection (EVC) or virtual LAN (VLAN)

* Provides full port speed with two class of service (CoS) options — standard and real time

* Is ideal for intracompany voice and LAN-to-LAN data applications

 * Is suitable for metro LAN interconnectivity

* Allows you to control your own VLANs and Layer 2 protocols

Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)

Verizon EVPL is an all-fiber-optic network service that connects subscriber locations at native LAN speeds. EVPL uses point-to-point Ethernet virtual connections (EVCs) to define site-to-site connections.
Consider EVPL if you need converged, high-speed, point-to-point connectivity.

Features:
* Can be configured to support multiple EVCs to enable hub and spoke configuration

* Supports a wide variety of EVC bandwidth options so you can incrementally scale bandwidth to meet your growing network requirements

* Offers EVCs in 1 Mbps increments from 1–10 Mbps, 10 Mbps increments from 10–100 Mbps and 100 Mbps increments from 100–1000 Mbps

* Allows you to purchase and provision only what you need, then scale bandwidth as your network requirements grow

* Offers predictable performance for customer applications

* Is ideal for converging real-time voice, video and data

* Provides three metro class of service (CoS) options — basic, priority data and real time
 

Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
Verizon EPL is a fully managed, high-bandwidth, point-to-point transport service for Ethernet frames.

 Consider EPL if your business requires a secure, dedicated end-to-end LAN interconnectivity solution.

Features:
* Is provisioned over next-generation SONET infrastructure

* Delivers metro LAN and WAN connectivity for point-to-point high-speed transport

* Offers speeds from 10 Mbps to full-rate gigabit for metro (intraLATA) and national (interLATA) applications, as available

* Provides carrier-grade, reliable, high-bandwidth data center connectivity for business continuity and disaster recovery solutions

* Allows you to control your routings with your equipment

* Offers dedicated, fully managed service from a single, reliable source with an extensive nationwide presence






TOWERSTREAM
Overview

Towerstream is a leading fixed WiMAX service provider in the U.S., delivering high-speed Internet access to businesses in ten markets including New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago, the San Francisco Bay Area, Miami, Seattle, Dallas-Fort Worth, Philadelphia, and the greater Providence area where the Company is based.

Towerstream delivers a reliable last mile solution. Unlike other internet service providers, Towerstream owns their entire network and is not dependent on the local exchange carrier network of phone wires or cable offering a faster installation seamlessly and securely for less money.

Towerstream delivers reliable, high-speed, internet access seamlessly and securely without the telephone or cable company to businesses in 9 major metropolitan markets.

Towerstream owns its entire network and does not rely on the phone company. We deliver high quality symmetrical bandwidth to our customers with a faster install at a significantly lower price than the competition.

Using WIMAX technology, Towerstream delivers a wide variety of features including:
Speed and Scalability: With bandwidth options ranging anywhere between 0.512Mbps and 1Gbps Towerstream can create the customized broadband solution to meet your business's needs.

Guaranteed 99.99% Reliability: Towerstream delivers a very reliable last mile solution. We are the first wireless broadband provider to offer the "Five 9's" Guarantee to our customers.

Fast and Simple Installation: By completely bypassing the local phone company and using multiple broadcast sites in several major cities, service is often installed in 3-5 business days or less.

With Towerstream's guaranteed 99.99% uptime, we enable IT Managers to put what was once their top business concern at the bottom of their list.

Towerstream's Timeline

• April 2001            Launched service in the Boston and Providence markets
• June 2003            Launched service in the New York City market
• March 2004          Launched service in the Chicago market
• December 2004   Launched service in the Los Angeles market
• October 2005      Launched service in the San Francisco market
• January 2007      $15 million financing; began trading under symbol TWER
• January 2007      Launched service in the Seattle market (SpeakEasy acquisition)
• March 2007         Launched service in the Miami market
• June 2007           Completed secondary financing and raised $40 million in capital
• October 2007      Completed 160 seat sales center in the Middletown office.
• April 2008           Launched service in the Dallas / Fort Worth markets
• April 2008           Powers First NYC Skyscraper with Building-Wide Wireless Broadband Access

• October 2008     Announces Deployment of Alvarion(R) Mobile WiMAX(TM) Equipment in Chicago Network

• October 2008    Presented with Two Telephony Innovation Awards at Telephony LIVE

• October 2008    Wins Best of WiMAX World 2008 Award for its New York City Network

• November 2009    Launched service in the Philadelphia market.

PaeTec Communications
PAETEC Holding Corp. (PAETEC) is engaged in providing large, medium-sized, and small business customers in metropolitan areas with a package of integrated communications services that includes local and long distance voice, data, and broadband Internet access services. It is a holding company that conducts its operations through wholly-owned subsidiaries. PAETEC provides a range of voice and data services on a retail basis to large, medium-sized, and small business customers. As of March 1, 2009, PAETEC delivers its communications services in 42 states and the District of Columbia. On February 8, 2008, the Company acquired McLeod USA.




Qwest Communications
Qwest Communications International Inc. (Qwest) is a provider of data, Internet, video and voice services. The Company operates its business within its local service area, which consists of the 14-state region of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Qwest operates in three segments: business markets, mass markets and wholesale markets. Most of the Company's products and services are provided using its telecommunications network, which consists of voice and data switches, copper cables, fiber optic broadband cables and other equipment. The majority of the Company's network is located in its local service area. Within its local service area, Qwest's network serves approximately 11.6 million access lines in 14 states and forms a portion of the public switched telephone network (PSTN).




   
Global Crossing Inc 
Global Crossing Limited (GCL) is a communications solutions provider, offering a suite of Internet protocol (IP) and telecommunications services worldwide. GCL's network delivers services to more than 690 cities in more than 60 countries and six continents around the world. The Company operates through three segments: Global Crossing (UK) Telecommunications Limited (GCUK) and its subsidiaries (the GCUK Segment), which provide services primarily to customers in the United Kingdom; Impsat's holding company, GC Impsat Holdings I Plc (GC Impsat), and its subsidiaries (the GC Impsat Segment), which provide services primarily to customers in Latin America, and GCL and its other subsidiaries (ROW Segment), which represent all its operations outside of the GCUK Segment and the GC Impsat Segment, and operates primarily in North America, with smaller operations in Europe, Latin America and Asia.




Level 3 Communications 
Level 3 Communications, Inc. (Level 3) through its operating subsidiaries is primarily engaged in the communications business. Level 3 is a facilities-based provider of a range of integrated communications services. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately 77,000 intercity route miles in North America and Europe, connecting 23 countries. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately 125 markets having metropolitan fiber networks containing approximately 27,000 route miles in the United States and Europe, and approximately 7,900 traffic aggregation points and buildings the aggregate. The Company's reportable segments include communications and coal mining. On June 5, 2008, Level 3 completed the sale of its Vyvx advertising distribution business to DG FastChannel, Inc.

Optimum Lightpath 
Optimum Lightpath, a division of Cablevision Systems Corporation (NYSE: CVC), and an industry leader in providing advanced Ethernet-based data, Internet, voice, video transport solutions and managed services over its Intelligent Enterprise Network, uses the power of its reliable and resilient fully fiber optic network to deliver these solutions to businesses throughout the New York metropolitan area.
Since its formation almost 20 years ago, Optimum Lightpath has built an advanced fiber-to-the-business-premises network extending 3,694 route miles throughout the tri-state area with 3,060 fiber-lit buildings. As a result of owning and maintaining this state-of-the-art network, Optimum Lightpath is able to reliably provide scalable, high-capacity IP-based Metro Ethernet services that support high bandwidth data, Internet, voice and video applications that dramatically improve the enterprise customer's quality of experience.
Optimum Lightpath has been recognized for 10 straight years by the New York State Public Service Commission for delivering highly personalized customer service superior to the competition. This year, the Company was named 2008 Frost & Sullivan North American Ethernet Service Emerging Company of the Year. In 2007, Optimum Lightpath was named Heavy Reading's North American Ethernet Service Provider of the Year for Regional Innovation and named Best North American Regional Service Provider of the Year by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF). Optimum Lightpath was one of the first service providers in the world and the only North American MSO to earn Carrier Ethernet certification from the MEF.




 AireSpring
Award winning AireSpring is one of the fastest growing telecommunications carriers in the USA, with over 4 billion call records processed every year. AireSpring is a privately held, diversified, debt-free, and full service communications company which offers a broad range of innovative services at competitive prices.
AireSpring offers next-generation integrated, SIP/VoIP, voice, data, and conferencing products geared to deliver power and flexibility at cost-effective rates. When business needs power, flexibility, and affordability, AireSpring is THE solution!
AireSpring has been awarded "Product of the Year," “Best Value,” “Members Choice,” and dozens of product awards.  To-date, AireSpring has set the record for more Telecom Association awards than any other carrier/reseller.




AT&T 
At&T is the largest communications holding company in the world by revenue. Operating globally under the AT&T brand, we are:
•    Proud to offer one of the world's most advanced and powerful global backbone networks, carrying 18.3 petabytes of data traffic on an average business day to nearly every continent and country, with up to 99.999 percent reliability.
•    The nation's fastest 3G network serving 78.2 million customers and enabling them to travel and communicate seamlessly with the best worldwide wireless coverage — offering the most phones that work in the most countries. Offering voice coverage in more than 215 countries, data roaming in more than 170 and 3G in more than 95 countries.
•    The U.S. wireless carrier for the new iPhone 3GS, which launched in June 2009 and revolutionized the industry.
•    The only U.S. national service provider to offer a 100 percent IP-based television service with U-verse TV. AT&T Advanced TV offers you a TV choice that's better than cable through AT&T U-verse TV and AT&T | DIRECTV.
•    The nation's largest provider of broadband — more than 16.9 million high speed Internet subscribers (as of 2Q09).
•    The nation's largest Wi-Fi provider, now offering customers’ access at more than 100,000 hot spots spanning countries around the world, (including company-owned and third-party roaming locations) — with the addition of approximately 7,000 Starbucks locations.
•    One of the world's largest providers of IP-based communications services for businesses, with an extensive portfolio of Virtual Private Network (VPN), Voice over IP (VoIP) and other offerings — all backed by innovative security and customer support capabilities.
•    The nation's largest directory publisher, delivering print directories to 173 million.
•    A world leader in the transport and termination of wholesale traffic — widely recognized for our industry-leading wholesale services portfolio.
•    The parent of YELLOWPAGES.COM, a leading Internet Yellow Pages network that, when combined with AT&T Real Yellow Pages, receives approximately 5 billion consumer searches a year.
•    The leading U.S. provider of local and long distance voice services.






AboveNet 
AboveNet, Inc. provides high bandwidth connectivity solutions for business and carriers. Its private optical network delivers key network and IP services in and among 15 top U.S. metro markets and London. AboveNet's network is widely used in demanding markets such as financial services, media, health care, retail and government.
Above Net’s vision is to be the premier provider of high bandwidth connectivity solutions for customers who desire a private, flexible and scalable transport infrastructure. Our goal is to continue to monetize our superior fiber assets by providing large bandwidth customers with customized solutions that are superior to the tariffed offering of our competitors.





Broadview Networks
Broadview Networks is the communications provider who pays as much attention to your satisfaction as we do your service. At Broadview, we are passionate about being counted on by our customers for providing solid communications solutions. Our customers trust us to recommend the best mix of services for their often-complex communications needs.

 We deliver a broad array of integrated communications solutions – including voice, data, Internet and IP based solutions and premium quality hardware.  We deliver service on our own leading-edge integrated network with around-the-clock surveillance, troubleshooting and maintenance at our Network Operations Center.  We serve customers with one-call customer service efficiently handled by caring associates using our proprietary OPENnet™ software.  We offer highly cost-effective solutions through an experienced team of communications consultants for our small and medium-sized business clients.





XO Communications
XO Communications is one of the nation’s largest communications service providers focused exclusively on businesses, government, and carrier and wholesale service providers nationwide.

We serve customers through two primary business units:

•    XO® Business Services provides managed services and converged Internet Protocol (IP) network services that combine voice, Internet access, and private data networking for small and medium sized companies, enterprises, national and government accounts.

•    XO® Carrier Services delivers high bandwidth IP and inter-city network transport services for domestic and international carriers, service providers, cable companies and mobile wireless operators.

Concentric® offers a range of Software-as a- Service applications to help small and medium businesses manage and grow their business. These services include hosted email and messaging, managed server, web site and applications hosting, domain management, and professional services related to these services.





Sprint- Nextel 
Sprint Nextel offers a comprehensive range of wireless and wireline communications services bringing the freedom of mobility to consumers, businesses and government users. Sprint Nextel is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies, including two wireless networks serving almost 49 million customers at the end of the second quarter of 2009; industry-leading mobile data services; instant national and international push-to-talk capabilities; and a global Tier 1 Internet backbone. The company's customer-focused strategy has led to improved first call resolution and customer care satisfaction scores.





 METTTELCommunications



 

MegPath
MegaPath is the leading provider of managed IP communications services in North America.  MegaPath leverages its wide selection of broadband connectivity, Virtual Private Networks, Voice over IP (VoIP) and Security technologies to enable businesses to lower costs, increase security and enhance productivity.  Businesses of all sizes can easily and securely communicate between their headquarters, branch offices, retail locations, mobile workers, and business partners.

MEGAPATH MONTHLY PROMOTION HIGHLIGHTS:
MegaPath proudly offers

• Full 1.5Mbps T1 Service starting as low as $279/mo.!

• Duet Voice + Data Service  for $0 Start-up costs! MegaPath offers

          FREE equipment,
          FREE installation,
         and a 30-day satisfaction guarantee backing our
         award-winning integrated  service






Covad Communications 
Covad is in the business of broadband. As the first company to commercially deploy DSL in the United States, our heritage is broadband innovation. We own and operate the largest national broadband network, and today we are the only national facilities-based provider of data, voice, and wireless telecommunications solutions for small and medium-sized businesses. We are also a key supplier of high-bandwidth access for telecommunications services providers like EarthLink, AOL, and AT&T. Covad broadband and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) services are currently available in 44 states and 235 major markets and can be purchased by more than 57 million homes and businesses.

Our nationwide network is just the beginning. As market leaders, we make sure our customers are a step ahead—improving communications in their businesses and their homes. Creating and offering products and services that meet customer needs is a vital ingredient in our strategy. As pragmatic innovators, we invest in what we know will propel us ahead of the competition so that our business customers stay ahead of their competition.

Be it VoIP, high-speed Internet access, or broadband wireless, we seek to innovate in all aspects of our business to ensure that our customers always have a better choice in communications.





Netwolves 
NetWolves Corporation is a global telecommunications and Internet managed services providers offering single-source network solutions that provide multi-carrier and multi-vendor implementation to over 1,000 customers worldwide. The Company's principal activity is to design, manage and deliver products and services allowing people and networks to access the Internet and telecommunications networks, efficiently and cost effectively. Some of NetWolves' customers include Suburban Energy, McLane Company, Barnes and Noble, Bloomnet, Liberty Travel, Spacenet and Marchon Eyewear. NetWolves is headquartered in Tampa, FL.
NetWolves LLC was founded in 1998 to introduce a new, innovative Internet security and access device called the FoxBox. In June of that year, NetWolves LLC, through a reverse merger with an OTC/BB company, Watchdog Patrols, Inc., became NetWolves Corporation. Effective September 1st 2008, the company became privately held.





NUVOX 
NuVox, headquartered in Greenville, SC, delivers voice, data, business apps, and IT security designed specifically for business customers in the Southeast and Midwest. Since 1998, NuVox has expanded our customer base to over 90,000 across our sixteen-state footprint as we've enhanced our product suite with state-of-the-art technology. Today, NuVox is one of the largest Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC) in the United States.





Stage2 Networks
Since 2004, Stage 2 Networks has consistently grown and established itself as a leader in the hosted PBX market.
Our mission is to empower business customers to fully leverage Stage 2's state-of-the-art technology while – at the same time – reduce their capital expenditures and operating costs thanks to our innovative solutions and competitive prices.
Stage 2 offers a robust and redundant network with connectivity, quality of service and local number portability available across the country and, often, around the world. Our services include hosted PBX, or business phone system solutions, without the capital expenditure typically associated with purchasing a new phone system. We also provide phone line replacement at reduced cost with enhanced functionality, whether POTS or PRI services. Finally, all of our products are supported by robust data connectivity that can fully integrate our customers' communication platform for both voice and data services across multiple locations. Stage 2's productivity-enhancing features and functionality serve to differentiate our products and offer an added bonus to our customers.





ACC Business 
ACC Business was founded on a simple idea: provide small to mid-sized businesses first-rate telecom services with dedicated customer service, all at a competitive price.
ACC Business provides all of its customers' access to the AT&T Network, the largest, most advanced and reliable telecommunications network in the world. The AT&T Global Network is constantly enhanced, upgraded and monitored for excellence, so you'll have peace of mind knowing that all of your important calls and data will get through.
Straightforward telecommunications that small and growing businesses can rely on, that's our business. In fact, with ACC Business, customer service means access to a real person in real time. Put that together with a suite of essential data and voice services and it becomes clear why small and mid-sized businesses across the country are joining ACC Business.





Granite Telecommunications
Granite Telecommunications is the nation’s premier provider of telecommunications solutions solely for business. With unparalleled nationwide coverage, Granite Telecommunications is the leading provider to multi-location companies through our scalable solutions, customized to meet your business’s local, regional and national footprint.
Through long-term commercial wholesale contracts, Granite Telecommunications offers dial-tone, infrastructure solutions and high speed broadband services to our customers at significant savings.

o Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
o Voice Solutions
o Broadband
o Structured Cabling & Systems

Key Differentiators
• National Footprint
• Single point of contact
• One bill for all telecommunications services compatible with your vendor payment    processing systems
• Unparalleled Customer Service and Support.





Time Warner Cable
Time Warner Cable Inc. provides video, data, and voice service to residential and commercial customers in the United States. The company offers video service through analog transmissions; a combination of digital and analog transmissions; or in systems, as well as video service via digital transmissions. It provides on-demand services, enhanced television services, high-definition television, and set-top boxes equipped with digital video recorders. Time Warner Cable also offers video programming; data services, including Internet access, Web site hosting, and managed security; and Business Class Phone, a business-grade phone service geared to small- and medium-sized businesses, as well as commercial networking and transport services. As of December 31, 2008, it served approximately 14.6 million customers primarily in New York State, the Carolinas, Ohio, southern California, and Texas. The company is based in New York, New York. Time Warner Cable Inc. formerly operated as a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. Time Warner Cable Inc. (NYSE:TWC) operate independently of Time Warner Inc. as of March 12, 2009.





American Telephone Company 
Your Telecommunications Solutions Provider   American Telephone Company is more than just a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier; ATC is an end-to-end telecommunications consulting and management company. Our vision is to provide businesses with consultative solutions, unparalleled service and Industry Best Customer Care. We deliver a broad array of telecommunications solutions including voice, data, internet, VoIP and hosted PBX.

American Telephone Company is proud to offer telecommunications solutions and services that are second to none in their quality, versatility and cost competitiveness. ATC has partnered with a variety of facilities based carriers that include ILEC’s, Broadband Providers and CLEC’s to offer our customers a complete variety of turnkey solutions. The ATC product portfolio offers solutions that will help your business maximize profit while minimizing hassle and cost.

Central to ATC’s success is our commitment to Industry Best Customer Care. As part of that commitment every ATC customer is assigned a personal Customer Care Specialist who will act as a single point of contact to help meet the needs of your business.





 
SAVVIS
SAVVIS, Inc. provides information technology (IT) services, including managed hosting, utility computing, colocation, managed security, network and professional services, through its global infrastructure to businesses and government agencies around the world. Its services are designed to offer IT solution that meets the specific IT infrastructure and business needs of its customers. The Company's suite of products can be purchased individually, in various combinations, or as part of a total or partial outsourcing arrangement. Its point solutions meet the specific needs of customers who require control of their physical assets, while its managed hosting solution provides customers with access to services and infrastructure without the upfront capital costs associated with equipment acquisition. The Company operates in two business segments: hosting services and network services.





TELX 
Telx is the premier resource for interconnection related colocation, technical support and value added services in the United States. Telx offers the richest connectivity and dedicated service options in the most secure and reliable colocation facilities for our customers' mission critical operations.
At Telx, we leverage the strength of our customers' diverse networks to create cost effective solutions delivered with speed and accuracy. The combination of Telx's superior infrastructure, service and connectivity make us the ideal partner for your operations. Our team is committed to providing you with a highly available network that you can be proud of.
With 15-facilities in North America, Telx offers cost effective networking solutions for customers to seamlessly access diverse global networks and exchange information in a secure and reliable environment. Over 600 leading telecommunications carriers, ISP’s, content providers and enterprises rely on Telx’s world-class team to support their mission-critical global infrastructure needs and to create a global connectivity marketplace to dramatically expand their business growth opportunities. Telx is a privately held company headquartered in New York City with facilities in New York City, Atlanta, Chicago, Clifton, NJ, Dallas, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Clara, Miami, Phoenix, Charlotte, and Weehawken, NJ.





LIDARC  
Long Island Data & Recovery Center
The Long Island Data and Recovery Center (LIDARC) is a state of the art 200,000 sq ft building located at 1025 Old Country Road in Westbury, NY. Currently 45,000 square feet is dedicated for data center space. LIDARC is a carrier neutral facility operator, which brings you the greatest choice of service providers on Long Island.





TELEHOUSE AMERICA  
For over 20 years, Telehouse has pioneered the development of data center services and worked to keep our clients' information secure and uninterrupted, while performing at the optimum level.

Telehouse operates two SAS 70 Type II data centers and colocation facilities in New York, including our 162,000 square ft. flagship disaster recovery center and headquarters in Staten Island, NY and our downtown Manhattan multi-tenant data center at 25 Broadway; in addition to our full-service data center in Los Angeles. Through close ties with our sister companies in Europe (Telehouse Europe) and Asia (KDDI, our parent company), access, personal support and all data center services are available on a global scale with TELEHOUSE brand data centers appearing in 9 different countries with plans to expand to 14 by 2010.

Our Tier 3/4 category facilities' standard N+1 infrastructure includes:
    * Engineers on-site, 24/7, to manage and maintain our facilities
    * Diverse multiple commercial power feeds
    * Multiple uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
    * Backup diesel powered generators
    * Battery back–up
    * Redundant cooling capacity and air-conditioning units
    * High–level, layered security measures and procedures
    * On-site monitoring, 24/7, by technical staff to manage clients' networks
    * Multiple, diverse choice of telecom providers ensuring your business stays connected.
In conjunction with our data center services, Telehouse America owns and operates public internet peering exchanges in New York (NYIIX) and Los Angeles (LAIIX). Both exchanges provide a platform for participants to peer (exchange internet traffic) at up to 10gbps speeds using IPv4 and IPV6.






1Vault  
Offering colocation, disaster recovery and hosted IT services, 1Vault Networks combines over 55 years of experience in helping small, medium and large enterprises as well as government accounts design, manage, maintain and monitor IT infrastructure and disaster recovery plans.
1Vault has met the rigorous requirements for the Statement of Auditing Standards No. 70 (SAS 70) and has achieved the highly-sought-after SAS 70 Type II certification.

In addition to data colocation, 1Vault offers businesses and governmental agencies hosted IT services and disaster recovery suites. The high-tech facility provides a fully redundant infrastructure with utility power feeds backed by maximum-load generator support, A/C chillers for environmental control and a raised floor data center with full 9’ ceiling height.

The state-of-the-art data center, located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida can withstand disruption caused by natural disaster, system failure or human intervention. The company’s comprehensive plan covers business continuity, disaster recovery suites and seats, high-speed IP connectivity, self-contained power supply, support services, Iron Mountain SAN backup and recovery and SAS 70, Sarbanes-Oxley and HIPAA audit compliance certifications.






COGENT COMMUNICATIONS
Cogent is a multinational Tier 1 Internet service provider consistently ranked as one of the top five networks in the world. Our primary service offering consists of Internet access and data transport, offered over our award-winning fiber optic, IP data-only network, along with colocation in any of our 37 Internet Data Centers. We service two customer segments: “Corporate” (small businesses to Fortune 100 companies) and “NetCentric” (access providers and content providers whose businesses rely primarily on Internet access).

Our innovative, facilities-based network spans across North America, across the Atlantic and throughout Western Europe. With over 52,000 miles of route fiber, we provide service to over 140 major markets and interconnect with over 2,840 other networks.

Cogent was founded on the premise that bandwidth can be treated like a commodity—produce mass amounts and position it for sale based on price. Leveraging new technologies, we built our own IP data network independent of the traditional voice-based networks owned by the RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies). By doing so, we believed we could reduce the cost of high quality bandwidth down to a level never before offered in the marketplace. Less than five years after lighting our network backbone, we have become widely recognized as one of the largest carriers of Internet traffic in the world.

We stand apart from our competitors in many areas, but key differentiators include:
•    Our customer connections are dedicated and non-oversubscribed
•    Our prices are the lowest in the industry
•    Our diversity from traditional carriers enables redundancy for customer data
•    Our simple network structure allows for rapid provisioning
•    Our ‘self-healing’ ring architecture design minimizes outages
Cogent is Smart Business Internet.

Cogent Communications is a public company trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol CCOI. Cogent is headquartered in Washington D.C.
•    History
•    Cogent started operations in 1999. Since then, it has dynamically expanded to become a top five global service provider in over 140 major markets and 26 countries.

History

•    Cogent began construction of a network optimized for data traffic and launched service in four initial markets in 2000. That same year, major telcos announced for the first time ever that global networks carried more data traffic than voice traffic. Cogent was perfectly positioned to step into this growing market. Today we are rapidly becoming one of the largest carriers of data traffic in the world.

Acquisition History

Although debuting at the height of the telecom industry, Cogent soon found vast market wealth eradicated and many other ISPs thrown into a state of turmoil. In a survival of the fittest competition, Cogent became the consolidator in a consolidating market. Over three brief years, Cogent completed 13 acquisitions of other flailing providers. Whether it was an entire company or just select assets, Cogent was able to acquire valuable network assets, customers, peering relationships and building access agreements for pennies on the dollar.

Among Cogent’s 13 acquisitions to date include three of the original generation Internet service providers who were pioneers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These companies—PSINet (originally Performance Systems International), NetRail and Aleron (originally AGIS/Net99)—were the earliest providers of commercial Internet service. While these first generation ISPs made great contributions to the rapid growth and success of the Internet, their business models and networks could not keep pace with technology and market demands.

Other strategic acquisitions include assets from: Allied Riser, OnSite Access, Fiber City, Fiber Network Solutions, Applied Theory, LambdaNet France and Spain, Carrier1, Unlimited Fiber Optics, Global Access, Aleron, NTT/Verio.

Geographic Expansion History

Cogent aims to serve top tier markets where connectivity demands are highest.

At the end of 2000, we launched service in just four U.S. cities. In 2001, we completed our network rollout to 20 major U.S. cities. The next year, we expanded our network into Toronto, Canada, and also began offering Off-Net (T1/T3) services in more than 30 new markets.

In 2004, we crossed the Atlantic into Europe. We currently serve over 60 European markets and now offer Layer 2 Point-to-Point services across our international network. Our successful geographic expansion at such a rapid pace has been, in large part, due to our ability to surgically acquire the network assets we need most from financially troubled companies.
 





WiBEAM
Wireless Broadband

Key Features and Benefits
The Speed You Need, Guaranteed.  Wi-Beam Broadband supplies the bandwidth you choose—guaranteed 24/7!  Today’s applications, like digital voice, streaming video, and IPTV, demand broadband performance that’s fast and consistent with absolutely no delays or interruptions—and that’s exactly what Wi-Beam delivers.

Upload Capacity that Raises the Bar.  Wi-Beam Broadband’s upload capacity is up to fifteen times faster than basic DSL or cable, providing you with high-quality digital voice services that are crystal-clear and interruption-free.

Download Capacity that’s Downright Instantaneous. Wi-Beam Broadband’s download capacity is up to three times faster than basic DSL or cable, giving you the tools you need to download data quickly, stream top-quality video and audio consistently, and enjoy smooth and clear digital-voice.

Quality that Holds Fast. Wi-Beam Broadband’s upload and download speeds remain constant, fixed and uninterrupted—unlike cable and DSL—so you’re assured of consistent performance 24/7.

T1 Quality at DSL Prices.  Wi-Beam Broadband provides you with the speed and high quality of T1 Service, at a fraction of the cost, so you can work faster and better—for less.


Wi-people value Wi-Beam
Business and residential users like you are quickly realizing the revolutionary value of Wi-Beam in helping them communicate faster, more reliably, and more cost-efficiently. What’s more, Wi-Beam Broadband, a division of Wi-Beam Communications, provides exceptional wireless Internet service that’s compatible with Wi-Beam Digital Voice Service, so it can be tailored to meet all your specific communications needs.

Some of the outstanding value features

    * Wi-Beam Broadband is based on an industry-proven wireless technology that provides stable bandwidth for transporting voice, video, and data.  You get fixed-rate service you can count on 24/7.
    * Wi-Beam Broadband systems can be configured to meet a variety of needs, whether you’re a residential user or a large business network.  You choose the service plan that’s not too small, not too big, but just right for you!
    * Wi-Beam’s unique signaling technique provides a consistent data rate and throughput inside our entire service area.  Quality service is always within reach.
    * Wi-Beam’s proven, reliable Wi-Beam system is protected by military-level security. You can rest assured that your communications are safe.
    * Wi-Beam wireless technology offers considerable savings over traditional wireline T1 service, at prices comparable to DSL and cable.  You get higher performance without the high price.
    * Wi-Beam Broadband offers broadband services to all areas—even those previously serviced only by dial-up.  Finally, you get the consistent, reliable service you need in your location, when you need it.
    * Wi-Beam service is guaranteed to meet or exceed the bandwidth specified in any Business Class product categories you choose.

Wi-people partner with proven leaders in technology.
With experienced, dedicated partners like Motorola Corporation, Spirit Telecom, Level 3 Communications, American Tower, and Rapid Systems, Wi-Beam Communications is proud to offer cutting-edge service you can rely on—today and in the future, as newer technologies evolve. It is Wi-People stay ahead of the curve.

Mission Statement
The mission of Wi-Beam communication is to become the premier provider of convergence telecommunications and wireless technology solutions while conducting business in harmony with both our internal and external Value Systems.
    *  We respond quickly and appropriately to your needs.
    * We communicate with you effectively and courteously.
    * Each of our efforts demonstrate our commitment to you.
    * We are easy and pleasant to do business with, every time.
    * We exceed your expectations, every time.





Equinix

Chapter One: In the Beginning
1998 - 1999

In 1998, our founders, Jay Adelson and Al Avery, were working on a research project as facilities managers at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). They toiled in the basement of the R&D department, developing ideas that would later become the PAIX®*, or the Palo Alto Internet Exchange.

During this time, the Internet was expanding at an unprecedented rate. But due to its structural limitations, traffic congestion was the norm. The Internet needed to expand if it was to survive.

Early on, Adelson and Avery recognized the need to provide physical connection points where networks could interconnect. However, they knew this site needed to be run by a neutral party to avoid the competing interests of various telecommunication providers. Adelson and Avery called this neutral party a Neutral Internet Exchange (NIX).

Their business idea was simple, yet groundbreaking—create physical places for networks to exchange critical information.

In creating their new company, Adelson and Avery brought together several guiding principles—equality, neutrality, and "eliminating the middleman." Their business vision? To unite major networks and interconnect content companies. They built data centers not just for colocation but for exchanging traffic. They knew these centers would have to have world-class security and operational reliability to attract the telecommunications companies.

In April of 1998, several of Silicon Valley’s pioneer companies invested in Adelson and Avery’s vision. On June 22, 1998, Equinix was incorporated.

Soon the first-ever International Business Exchange™ (IBX®) center was built in Ashburn, Virginia. Called DC1, the data center opened on July 27, 1999. The DC1 IBX included the signature architectural elements of many of Equinix’s future centers—the mantrap, five levels of biometric security, and the red silo.

* PAIX is a registered trademark of Switch & Data Facilities Co., Inc.

Chapter Two: Growth
1999 - 2000

In 1999, the Equinix management team was coming together and their primary goal was to help Equinix attract networks. The company goal was to open IBX centers in 40 cities in two years.

Equinix attracted networks by “matchmaking” with content companies. An early victory occurred when Equinix brought in two major networks—AT&T and UUNet.

During this time, the Internet continued to expand at breakneck speed, but it was still inefficient, causing major slowdowns. To better handle the growth of the Internet, seven major networks planned to join forces and interconnect with each other under one data center provider’s roof. They chose Equinix. Once the major networks established a Point of Presence (PoP) in Equinix centers, content companies began to come to Equinix in droves, looking to reach the eyeballs of the major network customers.

In April of 2000, SV1 was opened. In August of 2000, the Equinix IPO raised over $270 million.

Chapter Three: Survivor
2001 - 2002

As the dot-com bubble burst, the entire industry was sent into a tailspin. Many telecommunications companies left the colocation data center business. Equinix stayed true to its original business and proved to be one of the few survivors.

Having just opened the largest data center in the industry, the company was in a tenuous position. By the second half of 2002, the economy showed signs of recovery. In December 2002, Equinix restructured its business to gain financial stability and acquired Pihana Pacific and i-STT, two network-neutral data center providers serving the Asia-Pacific region.

By December of 2002, company debt was restructured, and Equinix set out on a growth plan.

Chapter Four: Rebirth
2003 - 2004

Experts say Equinix survived the dot-com meltdown for one reason: if it shut down, the information economy itself would be compromised. The seven major networks that joined forces to choose Equinix data centers to create an interconnection hub, and their customers, helped sustain the company for the long run.

Equinix began to expand by purchasing the data centers left behind by the telecommunication companies that abandoned the data center business during the dot-com bust. In October 2003, Equinix subleased a data center located in Santa Clara, California. In April 2004, Equinix signed a long-term lease for an additional 95,000 square feet of data center space adjacent to its Washington DC IBX Center. That same month, Equinix acquired a 103,000 square foot data center in San Jose, California.

In 2003 and 2004, Equinix was the best performing stock on the NASDAQ.

Chapter Five: Expansion
2005 - 2007

By 2005, Equinix was aggressively growing. The company leased seven new data centers. But by 2006, the market had settled and customers’ requirements for colocation and interconnection were changing. The company began to build the next generation of IBX centers, better suited to handle new high power density operations. In the same year, Equinix opened new IBX centers in Chicago, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles.

2007 was an even bigger year. In January, the company acquired an expansion data center in Tokyo. In February, a significant investment allowed incremental expansion of the Singapore IBX. In March, a new IBX was built on the Washington DC area campus. And in June, Equinix purchased a site for a new data center in the Los Angeles market and announced the expansion of SV2 IBX.

That same month, the company shared its intention to acquire IXEurope, a leading provider of colocation services in Europe. In September, the IXEurope deal was finalized, strengthening Equinix’s position as the world’s leading global data center and interconnection provider.

Chapter Six: Looking Forward
2008 and beyond

As the company looks forward into 2008 and beyond, we will continue to dedicate ourselves to the vitality of the information-driven world. This means that we will:

    * constantly strive to evolve, cultivate and share our industry insights with our customers;
    * seek opportunities to continue to expand in key markets;
    * act upon industry trends that will affect our business and the businesses of our customers.

At Equinix, our vision and expertise are at your service.



TRANSBEAM
Transbeam has been providing managed enterprise business solutions since 1996. In 1998, we were among the first to introduce DSL services accross the US through partnerships formed with leading broadband providers. 1n 1999 we became a CLEC across several states and deployed our own facilities based network. Since then we have pioneered several products including Voice over DSL and Metro Ethernet over copper, delivering speeds of 3MB to 45 MB over existing copper lines. We offer a wide array of voice and data solutions, as well as an Integrated Services platform enabling our customers the capability of having voice, video, and other applications over their existing broadband lines. We are a unique provider offering our clients customizable solutions.

We own and operate our own backbone allowing the felxibility and control needed to deliver unsurpassed service. As a Microsoft Certified Partner and Apple Authorized Service Provider we extend our reach to vertical network platforms. Additional offerings include managed Collocation services, private and virtual private networking solutions, and event conferencing services.

Our strategic partnerships with leading carriers extend our reach worlwide. We are committed to being your premier fully managed communications provider.

Our foundation is based on the highest level of customer service. Our well-distinguished 24/7-customer support proactively manages and monitors your network to ensure that the highest performance standards are maintained. Should a problem arise, we are aware of it immediately and work to rectify the issue.

Delivering true convergence to businesses and carriers is our key objective. We are dedicated to superior network performance, coverage and exceptional customer service

Transbeam products and services have been designed to maximize the performance of your company both technologically and financially. We believe there are no generic customers and no generic solutions. We work to provide total solutions uniquely suited to each customer with built-in capability to deliver advanced series today and tomorrow as your company grows.

No matter what your needs, objectives or goals, Transbeam offers complete, point-to-point solutions to maximize efficiency and profitability for your company.

Products

•    High-Speed Internet Connectivity
•    SDSL from 192k - 2.3MB
•    VOIP
•    T-1 Full and Fractional
•    Channelized T-1
•    Broadband over existing copper lines
•    Voice-over DSL
•    Unlimited Local, Regional & Long Distance Phone Service
•    transMessaging 
•    Live Web Cam
•    Virtual Private Networks
•    Spam & Virus Protection upon request 
•    Video Conferencing
•    DS3's Full and Fractional
•    Video on Demand
•    Message on Hold
•    Firewalls, Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

Services

•    Conference Planning
•    Event Conferencing
•    Web Conferencing
•    LAN/WAN Integration
•    Premise Wiring (CAT5e, CAT6, FIBER)
•    Email Solutions - local and remote
•    Remote Network Back-up
•    Wide Area Network Solutions (WAN)
•    Co-location Facilities
•    Web Hosting and Development
•    Network Maintenance Contracts
•    Support for Linux, Windows & Apple Operating Systems


Our strategic partnerships with leading carriers extend our reach worlwide. We are committed to being your premier fully managed communications provider.

Our foundation is based on the highest level of customer service. Our well-distinguished 24/7-customer support proactively manages and monitors your network to ensure that the highest performance standards are maintained. Should a problem arise, we are aware of it immediately and work to rectify the issue.

Delivering true convergence to businesses and carriers is our key objective. We are dedicated to superior network performance, coverage and exceptional customer service






NITEL
About Nitel
Nitel is a leading single-source provider of telecommunications network services nationwide.  Customers partner with us to simplify procurement, billing and maintenance of wholesale network services across a multitude of disparate networks.  Nitel gives our customers maximum reach by leveraging the networks of 100 top-tier carriers, including AT&T, Level 3, Verizon, Qwest and Global Crossing, to ensure the best network at the best price.

Customers who need to reach underserved or difficult-to-reach areas trust our expertise.  Products specifically designed for tier 2 and 3 cities as well as rural areas ensure cost-effective connectivity while also delivering reliability and attentive customer service.
 
In 2007, Nitel deployed a state-of-the-art fiber network in Chicago that offers fully-redundant, flexible network connectivity to the premier telecom hotels in downtown Chicago.  This strategically deployed network enables easy access to every tier 1 IP provider in the city.  Customers experience industry leading reliability, breadth of service and fast turn-up on the Chicago network.
 
Headquartered in Chicago with offices in Atlanta, Ga., Madison, Wis., and Reno, Nev., Nitel has built a superior reputation for customer service and customized solutions since its founding in 1997.  Self-funded, organically grown and profitable, Nitel is a stable, trusted partner of over 600 wholesale and enterprise customers.

Products
You need telecom solutions. We’re the answer people.
Your business requires the most up-to-the-minute communications technology. We understand that.  We’re on top of developments in the telecommunications industry to provide you the most competitive products and services to meet your business needs.

You need it. We’ve got it. Nitel offers fully integrated telecom solutions, including:

    * Internet Connectivity
    * Private Line
    * Metro Ethernet
    * MPLS

We’re all you expect from your service provider. You can rely on your telecom services from Nitel. We partner with Tier 1 carriers to provide the most dependable and secure network services in the industry. Our range of products and services from diverse partner carriers enables us to design cost-effective solutions for clients’ individual needs. And our staff of highly trained, knowledgeable professionals is focused on providing superior customer service.   

     







INTERNET ACCESS

BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS

BROADBAND in telecom refers to a method of signaling; including or handling a wide range (or band) of frequencies, which may be divided into channels or frequency bins.
Broadband is always a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider the bandwidth, the greater the ability to carry information. In radio, a  narrow-band signal will carry only Morse code; a broader band will carry speech; and a still broader band is necessary for music .

A "normal" TV antenna may be able to receive a certain range of channels. A "broadband" antenna will receivemany  more channels. In data communications, an analog modem will transmit a bandwidth of 56 kbps over a phone line. Over the same  line, ADSL technology can deliver bandwidth of several megabits per second, which is described as broadband (relative to a modem over a phone line, but much less than over a fiber optic circuit).

BROADBAND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Broadband in data can refer to broadband networks or broadband Internet and may have the same meaning as above, so that data transmission over a fiber optic cable would be referred to as broadband as compared to a telephone modem operating at 56 kbps. A world-wide standard for what level of bandwidth and network speeds actually constitute Broadband has not been determined.

Broadband in data communications is  used in a more technical sense to refer to data transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the effective rate of transmission, regardless of data signaling rate. In network engineering, this term is used for methods where two or more signals share a medium.

DSL BROADBAND

The various forms of digital subscriber line (DSL) services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over a high-bandwidth channel (located above the baseband voice channel on a single pair of wires).[2]
[edit] In Ethernet

A baseband transmission sends one type of signal using a medium's full bandwidth, as in 100BASE-T Ethernet. Ethernet, however, is the common interface to broadband modems such as DSL data links, and has a high data rate itself, so is sometimes referred to as broadband. Ethernet provided over cable modem is a common alternative to DSL.

T1 Connection – T1 Carrier

Existing frequency-division multiplexing carrier systems worked well for connections between distant cities, but required expensive modulators, demodulators and filters for every voice channel. For connections within metropolitan areas, Bell Labs in the late 1950s sought cheaper terminal equipment. Pulse-code modulation allowed sharing a coder and decoder among several voice trunks, so this method was chosen for the T1 system introduced into local use in 1961. In later decades, the cost of digital electronics declined to the point that an individual codec per voice channel became commonplace, but by then the other advantages of digital transmission had become entrenched.

The most common legacy of this system is the line rate speeds. “T1? now means any data circuit that runs at the original 1.544 Mbit/s line rate. Originally the T1 format carried 24 pulse-code modulated, time-division multiplexed speech signals each encoded in 64 kbit/s streams, leaving 8 kbit/s of framing information which facilitates the synchronization and demultiplexing at the receiver. T2 and T3 circuit channels carry multiple T1 channels multiplexed, resulting in transmission rates of 6.312 and 44.736 Mbit/s, respectively.

Supposedly, the 1.544 Mbit/s rate was chosen because tests done by AT&T Long Lines in Chicago were conducted underground. To accommodate loading coils, cable vault manholes were physically 2000 meter (6,600 ft) apart, and so the optimum bit rate was chosen empirically — the capacity was increased until the failure rate was unacceptable, then reduced to leave a margin. Companding allowed acceptable audio performance with only seven bits per PCM sample in this original T1/D1 system. The later D3 and D4 channel banks had an extended frame format, allowing eight bits per sample, reduced to seven every sixth sample or frame when one bit was “robbed” for signaling the state of the channel. The standard does not allow an all zero sample which would produce a long string of binary zeros and cause the repeaters to lose bit sync. However, when carrying data (Switched 56) there could be long strings of zeroes, so one bit per sample is set to “1? (jam bit 7) leaving 7 bits x 8,000 frames per second for data.

A more common understanding of how the rate of 1.544 Mbit/s was achieved is as follows. (This explanation glosses over T1 voice communications, and deals mainly with the numbers involved.) Given that the highest voice frequency which the telephone system transmits is 4,000 Hz, the required digital sampling rate is 8,000 Hz (see Nyquist rate). Since each T1 frame contains 1 byte of voice data for each of the 24 channels, that system needs then 8,000 frames per second to maintain those 24 simultaneous voice channels. Because each frame of a T1 is 193 bits in length (24 channels X 8 bits per channel + 1 framing bit = 193 bits), 8,000 frames per second is multiplied by 193 bits to yield a transfer rate of 1.544 Mbit/s (8,000 X 193 = 1,544,000).

Initially, T1 used Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) to reduce frequency bandwidth and eliminate the DC component of the signal. Later B8ZS became common practice. For AMI, each mark pulse had the opposite polarity of the previous one and each space was at a level of zero, resulting in a three level signal which however only carried binary data. Similar British 23 channel systems at 1.536 Mbaud in the 1970s were equipped with ternary signal repeaters, in anticipation of using a 3B2T or 4B3T code to increase the number of voice channels in future, but in the 1980s the systems were merely replaced with European standard ones. American T-carriers could only work in AMI or B8ZS mode.

The AMI or B8ZS signal allowed a simple error rate measurement. The D bank in the central office could detect a bit with the wrong polarity, or “bipolarity violation” and sound an alarm. Later systems could count the number of violations and reframes and otherwise measure signal quality and allow a more sophisticated alarm indication signal system.

The decision to use a 193-bit frame was made in 1958, during the early stages of T1 system design. To allow for the identification of information bits within a frame, two alternatives were considered. Assign (a) just one extra bit, or (b) additional 8 bits per frame. The 8-bit choice is cleaner, resulting in a 200-bit frame, 25 8-bit

channels, of which 24 are traffic and 1 8-bit channel available for operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M). AT&T chose the single bit per frame not to reduce the required bit rate (1.544 vs 1.6 Mbit/s), but because AT&T Marketing worried that “if 8 bits were chosen for OA&M function, someone would then try to sell this as a voice channel and you wind up with nothing.”

Soon after commercial success of T1 in 1962, the T1 engineering team realized the mistake of having only one bit to serve the increasing demand for housekeeping functions. They petitioned AT&T management to change to 8-bit framing. This was flatly turned down because it would make installed systems obsolete.

Having this hindsight, some ten years later, CEPT chose 8 bits for framing the European E1.

Higher T

In the late 1960s and early 1970s Bell Labs developed higher rate systems. T-1C with a more sophisticated modulation scheme carried 3 Mbit/s, on those balanced pair cables that could support it. T-2 carried 6.312 Mbit/s, requiring a special low-capacitance cable with foam insulation. This was standard for Picturephone. T 4 and T-5 used coaxial cables, similar to the old L-carriers used by AT&T Long Lines. TD microwave radio relay systems were also fitted with high rate modems to allow them to carry a DS1 signal in a portion of their FM spectrum that had too poor quality for voice service. Later they carried DS3 and DS4 signals. Later optical fiber, typically using SONET transmission scheme, overtook them.

Digital Signal

DS1 signals are interconnected typically at Central Office locations at a common metallic cross-connect point known as a DSX-1. A DS1 signal at a DSX-1 is measured typically at 6 Volts Peak-to-peak (0dBdsx signal level at 772 kHz Nyquist) at plus or minus 1.2 volts to permit easy interconnection of DS1 equipment NCI Code=04DS9/ /). When a DS1 is transported over metallic outside plant cable, the signal travels over conditioned cable pairs known as a T1 span. A T1 span can have up to -130 Volts of DC power superimposed on the associated four wire cable pairs to line or “Span” power line repeaters, and T1 NIU’s (T1 Smartjacks). T1 span repeaters are typically engineered up to 6,000 feet apart, depending on cable gauge, and at no more than 36 dB of loss before requiring a repeated span. There can be no cable bridge taps across any pairs.

T1 copper spans are being replaced by optical transport systems, but if a copper (Metallic) span is used, the T1 is typically carried over an HDSL encoded copper line. Four wire HDSL does not require as many repeaters as conventional T1 spans. Newer two wire HDSL (HDSL-2) equipment transports a full 1.54400 Mbit/s T1 over a single copper wire pair up to approximately twelve thousand (12,000) feet (3.5 km), if all 24 gauge cable is used. HDSL-2 does not employ repeaters as does conventional four wire HDSL, or newer HDSL-4 systems.

One advantage of HDSL is its ability to operate with a limited number of bridge taps, with no tap being closer than 500 feet from any HDSL transceiver. Both two or four wire HDSL equipment transmits and receives over the same cable wire pair, as compared to conventional T1 service that utilizes individual cable pairs for transitor receive.

DS3 signals are rare except within buildings, where they are used for interconnections and as an intermediate step before being muxed onto a SONET circuit. This is because a T3 circuit can only go about 600 feet (180m) between repeaters. A customer who orders a DS3 usually receives a SONET circuit run into the building and a multiplexer mounted in a utility box. The DS3 is delivered in its familiar form, two coax cables (1 for send and 1 for receive) with BNC connectors on the end

ISDN PRI SERVICE

The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of internationally recognized communications standards and protocols that allow for the digital transmission of voice, video, and data over normal twisted-pair copper telephone lines.

ISDN offers speeds up to six times faster than plain old telephone service (POTS) and is regarded as an inexpensive and reliable network solution.

BENEFITS

ISDN PRI provides improved efficiency such as video conferencing, remote access, screen sharing and internet access giving customers the ability to collect, share and disseminate information across sites more efficiently thus resulting in increased productivity.

The most compelling feature is Calling Line ID that allows information about the calling party to be passed to the called number.

•    Flexibility of call-by-call service greatly increases trunking efficiency.
•    Eliminated cost of individual dedicated circuits.
•    Increased call handling efficiency associated with calling line identification.
•    Back-up configuration provides added protection and communications reliability.
•    Clear digital transmission of voice and data communications.
•    Rapid call set-up.
•    Ability to provision bandwidth on demand - with compatible CPE.
•    Enhanced security for dial up connecting with call number configuration.
•    Restricted number acceptance
•    Advanced call routing and call handling features.
•    Widely available service as it operates on the same PSTN that telephones do.
•    Standards based product offering.
•    Lines can be added easily & cost effectively.
•    Channels within lines can be dynamically allocated to the devices that need them most giving customers more flexibility.

Two-way digital trunks: Unlike existing PCM trunks, in PRI, all the channels are digital and two-way, enabling dynamic seizure of the trunks according to load times (without need for any change in the public switch), a feature that makes it possible to reduce the number of trunks and enables optimum usage at all times.
Fast clearing of trunks: When a trunk identifies a cause that prevents call setup (engaged signal, blocked trunks, etc.) it immediately frees itself to respond to another request for call setup. The release immediate, even if the subscriber does not hang up immediately (while sending a local busy signal by the private switchboard).
Priority call setup: Setting up a call in this manner usually occurs when the requested channel is not available. The network offers an alternate channel so that the outgoing call will be transferred to the alternate channel on the same beam, in a way that increases the chances for rapid call setup, and increasing the number of calls that are successfully completed. Setting up a call in this manner is transparent to the user and is carried out while ensuring that there is no circumvention of dialing restrictions.
Optimum usage of the channels: This significant advantage is achieved by combining the advantages described above (two-way digital channels, rapid trunk clearance and priority call setup), together with rapid call setup and efficient redial. This combination enables better utilization of the trunk, which is immediately available for many more calls, and is added to the two-way feature of the trunks, so that together, they contribute to the correct and optimal usage of the channels according to load times.
Caller's number to and from the network: PRI enables identification and display of the number of the subscriber calling from the network on the telephone screen, as well as on the call record machine. In addition, the number of the subscriber calling the network from the private switchboard is sent; the number can be the organization’s lead number (in internal direct dialing) or the subscriber's direct number, unlike the existing situation, where the subscriber's direct number cannot be sent to the network. At this stage, this feature depends on the type of public switchboard to which the customer is connected.including point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, linear, protected paths, Concatenated and channelized services are provided.






Voice over IP

VoIP (voice over IP) a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets instead of using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Ne big advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids tolls charged by traditional telephone service.

VoIP is derived from the VoIP Forum, an initiative by major equipment manufacturers, such as Cisco, VocalTec, 3Com, and Netspeak to promote the use of ITU-T H.323, which is the standard for sending voice (audio) and video using IP on the public Internet and within an intranet. The Forum also promotes the user of directory service standards so that users can find other users and the use of touch-tone signals for automatic call distribution and voice mail.

In addition to IP, VoIP utilizes real-time protocol (RTP) ensuring that packets get delivered in a timely way. Currently, using public networks, it is difficult to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). Better service is possible with private networks managed by an enterprise or by an Internet telephony service provider (ITSP).

A technique used, to help ensure faster packet delivery is to use ping to contact all possible network gateway computers that have access to the public network and choose the fastest path before establishing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sockets connection with the other end.

To use VoIP, an enterprise places a "VoIP device" at a gateway. The gateway receives packetized voice transmissions from internal users and then routes them to other segments of its intranet (LAN or WAN) or, using a T-carrier system or E-carrier interface, sends them over the public switched telephone network.

Hosted VoIP

A voice over Internet (VoIP) service that is provided by a third party for businesses with a small to medium number of phones. All calls are transported over the Internet, and telephone functions such as voicemail, call routing and call forwarding are performed on the provider's computers. Administration is handled via a Web interface.

Calls can be made and received using regular phones with adapters, IP phones or computers. A hosted VoIP service provides a "virtual IP PBX" for an organization without requiring a physical PBX

Reasons to deply a Hosted VoIP solution

Conserve Capital
With  hosted business phone systems, upfront expenditures are typically limited to your IP phone equipment. A private broadband connection to a  switch allows you access to  feature-rich platform with guaranteed quality of service. In addition,  connections can double as your high-speed connection to the Internet, or as a backup to an existing connection.

Easy to Implement
A Hosted business phone system is easier to implement than a large-scale, customer premise-based solution. In other words, This solution saves you time and money when compared to a complex and difficult-to-deploy switch that is housed in your office. The technology resides primarily in the core of the providers network, which you access via broadband connectivity that they provide.

Ideal for Multiple Locations
 Hosted business phone systems platform is particularly well suited for multiple-location and growing companies. Four-digit dial your colleagues, whether they are across the street, across the country or around the world.

Avoid Obsolescence
Hosted VoIP solutions usually provides ongoing software upgrades and maintenance at no additional cost as a component of your fixed monthly charges, and our IP phones will work on any IP network.

High-Definition Voice
can utilize HD Voice over IP phones that integrate with the switching platform.

More Integration = More Functionality

    * Converged voice and data over broadband.
    * Unlimited usage plan.
    * Advanced features – "Find Me/Follow Me," conference calling
    * Business continuity and disaster recovery efficacy.
    * Add, move and change user profiles instantly via the Web.
    * Unified mailbox – "Click to Dial" from Microsoft Outlook.
    * One number to call; one bill to pay.
    * High-definition phone features.




Wireless Services

Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications where electromagnetic waves, instead of a physical wire, carry the signal over some, or all of the communication path.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) are communication protocols that standardize the way wireless devices, such as cell phones and radio transceivers, are used for Internet access, including e-mail, the Web, newsgroups, and instant messaging. While Internet access has been possible in the past, different manufacturers have used different technologies. In the future, devices and service systems that use WAP will be able to interoperate.

WAP layers are:
* Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
* Wireless Session Layer (WSL)
* Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
* Wireless Transport Layer (WTP)

The WAP was conceived by four companies: Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet (now Phone.com). The Wireless Markup Language (WML) is used to create pages that can be delivered using WAP. Besides WAP, There are other industry standards, including i-Mode; the world's first "smart phone" for Web browsing, (providing color & Video) introduced first in Japan.

Wireless categories:

Fixed: wireless devices or systems in homes and offices, and in particular; equipment connected to the Internet via modems

Mobile: wireless devices or systems aboard moving vehicles;

Portable: autonomous, battery-powered wireless devices or systems outside the office, home, or vehicle; such as; handheld cell phones and PCS units

IR: devices that convey data via infrared radiation; employed in certain limited-range communications and control systems

History
The first wireless transmitters went on the air early in the 20th century using Morse code. Later, as modulation made it possible to transmit voices via wireless, the medium came to be called "radio." With the advent of television, fax, data communication, and the effective use of a larger portion of the spectrum, the term "wireless" has been resurrected.
Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include: Cell phones and pagers, Global Positioning System (GPS) Cordless computer peripherals, Cordless telephone sets, Home-entertainment-system control boxes, Remote garage-door openers, Two-way radios, Baby monitors, Satellite television, Wireless LANs or local area networks.

More specialized and exotic examples of wireless communications and control include:

• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) --the de facto wireless telephone standard in Europe
• General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- a packet-based wireless communication service that provides continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users
• Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) -- a faster version of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- a broadband, packet-based system offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter    where they are located in the world.


   
SATELLITE - HUGHES.NET
Put the power of broadband to work for your business.
With HughesNet®, your company can now have business-grade broadband Internet access at speeds comparable to DSL and cable, wherever you do business. Or secure networking between your locations with an affordable private network or VPN. Hughes offers a full suite of business-class solutions tailored for your company’s needs.

Connect to the future
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For over 30 years, HUGHES has delivered satellite products and services around the world, with more than 1.5 million systems ordered or shipped to customers in over 100 countries. Hughes pioneered the development of high-speed satellite Internet services, which it markets globally under the HughesNet® brand.

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WiMAX   by Michael Hallinan

Definition
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. The term WiMAX is the commercial name for the 802.16e-2005 protocol established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). WiMAX uses a modulation technique called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which was first developed for high frequency military communications systems during the 1950s. The name was assigned by the WiMAX Forum, which describes WiMAX as "a standards -based technology enabling the delivery of last-mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL."

802.11 WiFi Primer
WiFi is often confused with WiMAX. Unlike WiMAX, WiFi (802. 1 1) is comprised of three versions known as 802. 1 la, 802.11b, and 802.1Ig. The first version, 802.11a, operates on the 5GHz band and is typically used to install longer range connections because the signal suffers less interference. The other versions, 802.11b and 802.1Ig, operate on the 2.4GHz band and suffer interference from other household devices such as cordless phones and microwave ovens. These later "b" and "g" versions are the common variety that you might purchase at a retail store and plug into your home network. The 802 . 1 Ig version has the longest distance and uses OFDM technology similar to WiMAX. An additional version, 802.1In, will offer even greater distances and speeds, but ratification by the IEEE has been delayed to late 2008.

802.16 WiMAX Primer
As mentioned earlier, the WiMAX standard is based on the 802.16e-2005 protocol. In short, think of WiMAX as "WiFi on steroids" due to its increased coverage area over WiFi and low deployment costs compared to 3G networks. By comparison, a typical WiFi router can blanket a small house with wireless coverage while a WiMAX transmitter can potentially blanket an entire city (more than 20 miles) with broadband coverage.

Deploying Wireless Networks
Planning wireless networks is an art and a science. All wireless technologies are based on simple principles such as frequency modulation (think AM vs. FM radio), power (more power equals more distance), terrain (line of site vs. buildings), availability of quality frequencies (interference vs. access), and security (open vs. closed). The successful deployment of new wireless networks must strike a careful balance of technology (WiMAX), suitable power output, available frequencies, and careful placement of the transmitters in order to maximize coverage and quality, yet minimize costs.

Corporate Stakeholders
As WiMAX technology is adopted in the global marketplace, it is important to understand that there are major corporate stakeholders that want this technology to succeed. Nobody cares more about the success of WiMAX than Intel, which hopes to create unlimited demand and new markets for its embedded wireless chips within the new WiMAX "ecosystem." It is a leader in the WiMAX Forum, which is comprised of 420 members including chip makers, hardware manufacturers, network operators, and service providers. The organization's purpose is to "certify and promote the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products based upon the harmonized IEEE 802.16/ETSI HiperMAN (High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network) standard."

Commercialization
Standardization of the 802.16e will ensure interoperability while increasing competition among hardware manufacturers and driving down hardware prices for the consumer. As WiMAX is adopted on a global scale, competition is expected to rise, which will cause hardware prices to fall and exacerbate demand.

Timeline
Global momentum for WiMAX is notably strong and growing. In the United States, Clearwire launched in 2003 and now operates in 39 domestic markets and four international markets, offering 1 .5Mbps download and up to 256Kbps upload speeds. Last fall, Sprint Nextel also announced that it plans to develop and deploy the first 4G nationwide broadband mobile network based on Mobile WiMAX. The infrastructure costs will be $1 billion in 2007 and $1 .5-$2 billion in 2008.

Most recently, Intel announced that it will begin to provide WiMAX cards for notebooks during 2008. More than 20 WiMAX deployments are under development internationally as well.

WiMAX Characteristics

RANGE
WiMAX offers maximum data transfer rates of 50Mbps, offering sustained user data rates of 0.5-2Mbps, allowing for simultaneous transfer of data (including high definition imagery), voice over IP (VoIP), and streaming video. This technology also provides effective services at distances of three to five miles for mobile users (without a direct line of sight). A distance of 20 miles or more is expected for lineof-sight connections.

SPEED
Data-transmission speed is subject to many factors including bandwidth, number of other users, distance from base station, and network configuration. The WiMAX Forum suggests "working" peak data rates of up to 15Mbps in 5MHz are achievable.

Frequency Considerations

Much debate is warranted on how governments allocate "airwaves" or frequency spectrum, and unfortunately, the topic is beyond the scope of this article, but the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has identified the 2.3, 2.5, and 3.5GHz bands for international broadband wireless access. Additionally, the 5.8GHz band is also often considered for WiMAX use, but normally on an unlicensed basis, which often translates into interference from other devices. Nevertheless, since 70% of the globally issued WiMAX licenses are for the 3.5MHz spectrum, and the United States is backing 2.5MHz services, these bands are likely to see the greatest initial benefits in scale.

WiMAX Positioning

In the United States, WiMAX is likely to enjoy greater frequency utilization and lower royalty overheads as compared to 3G networks. As a result, WiMAX is able to offer less expensive deployments and lower voice and data prices for the consumer. In short, WiMAX is likely to provide elements of converged networks (voice, data, IPTV) while bridging the gap between broadband wired networks (fiber, cable, DSL) and costly 3G networks (requiring more network elements). In the United States, WiMAX services will compete most directly with 3G services due to their favorable price-performance ratio, and with DSL or cable networks where the wired infrastructure is limited due to terrain (rural or isolated areas).

Applications

Imagine if everyone had an unlimited data package on their PDA and the speed is limited to 512Kbps to 1 .5Mbps. Some users pay per megabyte and others will pay a flat fee. What applications may develop and how might they impact streaming media? The list below is intended to offer some possibilities. Many of these applications were used for military purposes as well as some social purposes in Iraq. Add some imagination and you'll see that the possibilities are endless.

VOIP AND RADIO
Initially, fixed VoIP services are likely to be available in urban areas . WiMAXs ability to accomplish handoff and low latency, as well as guarantee service quality via traffic prioritization suggests it meets all the requirements for a wireless voice network. Versatile handsets are likely to route traffic over WiFi, WiMAX, or cellular networks based on availability.

This also means that WiMAX can be used to stream radio or directions to a device enabled with Mobile WiMAX.

IPTV
WiMAX lends itself well to the delivery of multimedia content. Video clips can be delivered to mobile handsets, and files can be exchanged in mobile peer-to-peer forums.

VIDEO TELECONFERENCING
Video teleconferencing and "personal broadcasting" are now a possibility with broadband point-to-point connections that bypass internet congestion.

DISPLAYS
Visual displays (movie trailers or product demonstrations) can be modified citywide in real time to capture the imagination of an audience of one or one hundred viewers.

INTERACTIVITY
Broadband upload capability now means that users can contribute to communities in new ways using video, photography, and voice. Devices suchas phones, cameras, and PDAs can share content in real time.

SOCIAL NETWORKING
By combining GPS and WiMAX devices, new applications can be developed to derive value from geographical marketing, predictable behaviors, and community interests.

PUBLIC WORKS
Aerial video surveillance is now a reality as public officials can monitor events using unmanned airplanes and a network of wireless video cameras delivering realtime video to a control station several miles away.

SENSOR NETWORKS
A sensor network is a network of devices (with built-in detection tools) that can exchange information, and gain situational awareness of other nodes in the network in order to act intelligently and collaboratively. Sensor networks offer valuable transportation, marketing, and security applications.

EVENT-BASED MEDIA
New media platforms can be used to capture and share community broadcast content for a given event, such as a sporting event, concert, or graduation.

Conclusion
Some critics may say that WiMAX is still unproven on a wide scale, but the trends toward commercialization - global adoption, low hardware prices, large corporate backing, and favorable price-performance ratio - are all evident. I believe it will be widely adopted where it is needed most - in developing areas lacking a reliable copper infrastructure.

It will definitely have a direct impact on streaming media and the development of applications that corporations, communities, and individuals will use to deliver information, entertainment, and advertising in the future.

One of the few benefits of being part of the military conflict in Iraq is the opportunity to test and evaluate new technologies. In 2005,Wireless broadband networks was deployed  utilizing technology similar to "Mobile WiMAX" in and around the city of Fallujah during Operation Al Fajr. These networks offered fast installation and a robust communications platform for voice, data, and video applications in an environment  and terrain not suited for wired networks.

Historically, defense technology that has been transferred to the civilian sector has changed much of how the world works. The wireless broadband technology coming out of this war will continue that tradition and have a significant impact on many industries, including streaming media.
Michael Hallinan














Colocation
 is moving or placing things together, sometimes implying a proper order. On the Internet, this term (usually spelled "Colocation") refers to the provisioning of space for a customer's communications equipment within the service provider's premises. A server, usually a Web server, that is located at a dedicated facility designed with resources which include a secured cage or cabinet, regulated power, dedicated Internet connection, security and support.

These co-location facilities offer the customer a secure place to physically house their hardware and equipment as opposed to locating it in their offices or warehouse where the potential for fire, theft or vandalism is much greater.

Most co-location facilities offer high-security, including cameras, fire detection and extinguishing devices, multiple connection feeds, filtered power, backup power generators and other items to ensure high-availability which is mandatory for all Web-based, virtual businesses.

Co-location sites are being erected at various points around the world to provide services to the rapidly expanding Web hosting and e-commerce marketplace.

The term co-location is also known as colo.

Colocation is sometimes provided by companies that specialize in Web site hosting, which is the business of housing, serving, and maintaining files for one or more web sites. The owner of a Web site can place the site's servers on the premises of an Internet service provider (ISP). The customer places their servers in a data center (sometimes spelled datacenter) which is a centralized repository, either physical or virtual, for the storage, management, and dissemination of data and information relating to a specific interest. The National Climatic Data Center, for example, is a public data center that maintains the world's largest archive of weather information.

A private data center may exist within an organization's facilities or may be maintained as a specialized facility. Every organization has some sort of a data center, although it might be referred to as a server room or even a computer closet. In that sense, data center may be synonymous with network operations center (NOC), a restricted access area containing automated systems that constantly monitor server activity, Web traffic, and network performance.

A carrier hotel provides colocation on a massive scale, offering various services to customers ranging from modest-sized racks to dedicated rooms or groups of rooms. All the major Telecom carriers are collocated in carrier hotels. Some carrier hotels offer hardware and software installation, as well as other managed services. A carrier hotel may also house a meeting room where representatives of all the companies or guests served by the facility can exchange ideas and information.